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Neural Substrates of Tactile Imagery: a Functional MRI Study
Researchers from the Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, used MRI technology to see which neural pathways were involved when subjects imagined tactile stimulation on the dorsal side of their right hand. Results were then compared to the MRI findings from subjects who actually received tactile stimulation of the same area of the hand.
During the imagery condition, contralateral primary and secondary somatosensory areas were activated along with activation in the left parietal lobe. Activations in left inferior frontal gyri (Brodmann's area 44), left dorsolateral prefrontal area, left precentral gyrus, left insula, and medial frontal gyrus were also observed. In the basal ganglia, activation in the left thalamus (ventral posteromedial nucleus) and putamen was found.
These results suggest that the primary and secondary somatosensory areas are recruited during tactile imagery, and have partially overlapping neural substrates for the perception of tactile stimulation.
One of the biggest obstacles to becoming a master presenter is those butterflies that seem to be fluttering around in your stomach before you start to speak. Although you are an expert in your subject, your fears create a fight/flight reaction. Your hands become cold, your vital organs stop functioning properly, and a majority of your brain’s blood flow shifts to the ancient reactive defensive areas that reside just above your brain stem. Your mind and body begin shutting down. You are not your best. However, you can speak to small and large audiences in total comfort and excitement if you...
When someone is easily comprehending what they are reading, their brain is able to easily and quickly to answer the two primary questions of understanding: how and why. In fact, they should be quite simple as the brain is designed to suddenly convert perception into meaning. Another factor is that when how and why are answered for dumbly this is done by linking new perceptions with pre-existing patterns of meaning that already been established in the mind. (When I am speaking of the mind there are also direct correlations between the functioning of various parts of the brain and the way the...
Addictions are serious chronic brain diseases, which have biological, psychological, and social implications. They are powerful because they employ neurological processes required for learning and survival. However, they use these vital systems in a way that threatens the addict’s health, relationships, and may often end in criminal prosecution and jail time. So, to understand and treat this problem both the patient and the counselor must know how abuse is encoded, triggered, and reinforced.
Our brain participates in a two-level learning system. Generally, learning can be divided into...
